我要的翻译

从前，郑武公想讨伐胡国，便先把女儿嫁给了胡君来使他心情愉快，便拿此事问群臣说：“我要兴兵，讨伐哪个国家好呢?”大夫关其思回答说：“可以讨伐胡国。”郑武公听了，勃然大怒，命武士杀死关其思，说：“胡国与郑国是兄弟邻邦，你说让我讨伐它，安的是什么心?”胡君听说了，以为郑国与胡国亲善。就对郑国不加防备，郑国乘机派兵偷袭，灭亡了胡国。宋国有一个富翁，他家的院墙被大雨浇坏了，他的儿子说：“不把墙修好，会招来盗贼。”邻居老头也这么说。夜里，富翁家里果然被盗，偷走了许多财物。富翁认为自己的儿子聪明绝顶，却怀疑邻居老头与失窃有关。关其思与邻居老头的话都是恰当的，可是重则被杀，轻则被怀疑。这不是了解事情有困难，而是处理了解的事情很困难。所以说绕朝的话是很得当的，他在晋国被看作明智的人，但在秦国却被杀，这是不可不注意的。

春秋时期，弥子瑕很得卫君的宠爱。卫国的法令规定：擅自乘坐君主车子的要处以刖刑。弥子瑕的母亲病了，知道的人连夜去告诉了他。他就假托君命，乘坐卫君的车子赶回去探望。卫君得知后大加赞赏说：“真是孝子啊!为了母亲的缘 故，连这触犯刖刑罪都忘了。”他日，弥子瑕陪同君主在果园游玩，吃的桃子很甜美，舍不得吃光，把剩下的一半给君主吃。君主说：“这是爱我呀!好东西他不吃给我吃。及至弥子瑕色衰爱迟，得罪了君主，君主说：“此人曾矫诏坐我的车，又曾拿剩下的桃子给我吃。”所以弥子虽然做法不改初衷．但以前之所以受到称赞而后来得罪，是君主的爱憎不同。所以臣子在被君主宠爱时，智能就显得恰到好处，受到加倍亲近；在被君主憎恨时，智能就显得不适当，变成罪过．越来越被疏远。所以进谏陈说的人不可不观察君主的爱憎如何，然后方可进言。

韩非子说难昔者弥子瑕说明了什么道理？

《韩非子·说难》说明了游说的真正困难在于所要游说的对象（即君主）的主观好恶，即“知所说之心”，指出为了游说的成功，一要研究人主对于宣传游说的种种逆反心理，二要注意仰承人主的爱憎厚薄，三是断不可撄人主的“逆鳞”。

文章中弥子瑕从年轻到年老，始终把卫灵公当成自己的一个朋友看待，在卫王面前无拘无束。可是卫王则不一样。他以年龄和相貌作为宠人、厌人的根据，从而对弥子瑕所做的同样的事情表现了前后截然相反的态度。因此不顾事情的本质，只按表面现象决定好恶的作法是十分错误的。

扩展资料：

《韩非子·说难》选自战国时代法家学派著作《韩非子》，是 《韩非子》55篇中最重要的作品之一。

《韩非子》 是在韩非逝世后，后人辑集而成的。据《汉书·艺文志》著录《韩非子》五十五篇，《隋书·经籍志》著录二十卷，张守节《史记正义》引阮孝绪《七录》(或以为刘向《七录》)也说“《韩非子》二十卷。”篇数、卷数皆与今本相符，可见今本并无残缺。

韩非子·说难的原文

凡说之难：非吾知之有以说之之难也，又非吾辩之能明吾意之难也，又非吾敢横失而能尽之难也。凡说之难：在知所说之心，可以吾说当之。所说出于为名高者也，而说之以厚利，则见下节而遇卑贱，必弃远矣。所说出于厚利者也，而说之以名高，则见无心而远事情，必不收矣。所说阴为厚利而显为名高者也，而说之以名高，则阳收其身而实疏之；说之以厚利，则阴用其言显弃其身矣。此不可不察也。

夫事以密成，语以泄败。未必弃身泄之也，而语及所匿之事，如此者身危。彼显有所出事，而乃以成他故，说者不徒知所出而已矣，又知其所以为，如此者身危。规异事而当知者揣之外而得之，事泄于外，必以为己也，如此者身危。周泽未渥也，而语极知，说行而有功，则德忘；说不行而有败，则见疑，如此者身危。贵人有过端，而说者明言礼义以挑其恶，如此者身危。贵人或得计而欲自以为功，说者与知焉，如此者身危。强以其所不能为，止以其所不能已，如此者身危。故与之论大人，则以为间己矣；与之论细人，则以为卖重。论其所爱，则以为借资；论其所憎，则以为尝己也。径省其说，则以为不智而拙之；米盐博辩，则以为多而交之。略事陈意，则曰怯懦而不尽；虑事广肆，则曰草野而倨侮。此说之难，不可不知也。

凡说之务，在知饰所说之所矜而灭其所耻。彼有私急也，必以公义示而强之。其意有下也，然而不能已，说者因为之饰其美，而少其不为也。其心有高也，而实不能及，说者为之举其过而见其恶，而多其不行也。有欲矜以智能，则为之举异事之同类者，多为之地，使之资说于我，而佯不知也以资其智。欲内相存之言，则必以美名明之，而微见其合于私利也。欲陈危害之事，则显其毁诽而微见其合于私患也。誉异人与同行者，规异事与同计者。有与同污者，则必以大饰其无伤也；有与同败者，则必以明饰其无失也。彼自多其力，则毋以其难概之也；自勇之断，则无以其谪怒之；自智其计，则毋以其败穷之。大意无所拂悟，辞言无所系縻，然后极骋智辩焉。此道所得，亲近不疑而得尽辞也。伊尹为宰，百里奚为虏，皆所以干其上也。此二人者皆圣人也；然犹不能无役身以进加，如此其污也！今以吾言为宰虏，而可以听用而振世，此非能仕之所耻也。夫旷日离久，而周泽既渥，深计而不疑，引争而不罪，则明割利害以致其功，直指是非以饰其身，以此相持，此说之成也。

昔者郑武公欲伐胡，故先以其女妻胡君以娱其意。因问于群臣，“吾欲用兵，谁可伐者？”大夫关其思对曰：“胡可伐。”武公怒而戮之，曰：“胡，兄弟之国也。子言伐之何也？”胡君闻之，以郑为亲己，遂不备郑。郑人袭胡，取之。宋有富人，天雨，墙坏。其子曰：“不筑，必将有盗。”其邻人之父亦云。暮而果大亡其财。其家甚智其子，而疑邻人之父。此二人说者皆当矣，厚者为戮，薄者见疑，则非知之难也，处知则难也。故绕朝之言当矣，其为圣人于晋，而为戮于秦也，此不可不察。

昔者弥子瑕有宠于卫君。卫国之法：窃驾君车者罪刖。弥子瑕母病，人间往夜告弥子，弥子矫驾君车以出。君闻而贤之，曰：“孝哉！为母之故忘其刖罪。”异日，与君游于果园，食桃而甘，不尽，以其半啖君。君曰：“爱我哉！忘其口味，以啖寡人。”及弥子色衰爱弛，得罪于君，君曰：“是固尝矫驾吾车，又尝啖我以余桃。”故弥子之行未变于初也，而以前之所以见贤而后获罪者，爱憎之变也。故有爱于主，则智当而加亲；有憎于主，则智不当见罪而加疏。故谏说谈论之士，不可不察爱憎之主而后说焉。

夫龙之为虫也，柔可狎而骑也；然其喉下有逆鳞径尺，若人有婴之者则必杀人。人主亦有逆鳞，说者能无婴人主之逆鳞，则几矣。

韩非子《说难》的翻译

Every said difficultly: Must I know it to have by said is difficult also, also must I debate can be bright my Italy to be difficult also, also must I dare to be lost horizontally but can be difficult. Every said difficultly: Is knowing said the heart, may I say works as it. Says Yu Weiming gao Zheye, but said it by the thick advantage, then sees the festival but to meet lowly, must abandon far. Says Yu Houli also, but said it is high by the name, then sees unintentionally but the far matter, must not receive. Said cloudyly but reveals for the thick advantage for gao Zheye, but said it is high by the name, then positive receives his/her body but solid sparse it; Said it by the thick advantage, then cloudyly with its word, reveals abandons his/her body. This cannot not observe.

The husband matter by densely becomes, the language by releases the defeat. His/her body releases not necessarily also, but the language and conceals the matter, so body danger. Other reveals has has an accident, but is by becomes him therefore, say the person does not know, also knows its thought, so body danger. The gauge different matter but works as beside, knowing holds but it; The matter releases in outside, must think oneself also, so body danger. Week Ze has not moistened. But the language knows extremely, says the line but Have a great achievementthen Germany sees forgets, said the line but not to have the defeat then sees doubts, so body danger. The honored person has celebrates the shui nationality's new year, but Say speak cogently the ritual to discuss by selects its is wicked, so body danger. The honored person or succeeds in schemes but wants from to think the merit, Say with knows, so body danger. Strong take its cannot as, stops by its cannot already, so body danger. Therefore discusses adult with it, then thought oneself, discusses the narrow-minded person with it, then thought sells heavily; By its loves, then thought avails oneself of; By its hates, then thought tastes oneself; Diameter province it said, then does not think the wisdom but clumsy it; Mi Yanbo debates, then thinks many but long it; Slightly matter Chen Italy, then says timidly but is endless; Ponders the matter to be broad four, then says the countryside but arrogantly to insult. This said difficult, cannot not know.

Every said the service, plays the part of in the knowledge says 矜 but comes its shame. Other has privately anxiously also, must show by the justice but is strong. Its Italy has also, however cannot already, 说者 because of decoration America but few it not for. His/her heart has high also, but solid cannot and, 说者 its but has seen its wickedly for it action, but many it is not good. Has the desire 矜 by the intelligence, then for it action different matter similar, are many for it place, causes it capital to say in me, but feigns does not know also, as a means of its wisdom. Wants the internal phase to save the word, then must by fine reputation bright it, but micro sees it to be in harmony with the personal gain. Wants Chen to harm the matter, then reveals it to destroy slanders, but micro sees it to be in harmony with the private trouble. Reputation strange people and colleague, gauge different matter with with counting. Has with with the dirt, then must 无伤 by big decoration it. Has with with the defeated, then must not have by Ming Shiqi loses. Other from many its strength, then does not do by its be difficult generally. Breaks from brave it, then does not have by it exiles the anger. From wisdom its idea, then does not do defeat poorly by it. Is angry does not have strokes 牾, dismisses the word not to have strikes touches, then gallops the wisdom to debate extremely. This field of endeavor obtained is intimate with does not doubt but dismisses. Iraqi Yin Weizai, hundred mile Xi is a capture above, all therefore does. This two human of all sages also, however still cannot not have the service body by to enter, cover so its dirt; Now says take me as butchers the capture, but may be useful but inspires the world, institute of shame this non- capable person. The husband wastes time makes up the long time, but Zhou Zeji moistens, the deep idea but does not doubt, directs the struggle but not the crime, then clearly shears terribly so that its merit, straight refers to the right and wrong by to play the part of his/her body, is locked in a stalemate by this, this said it becomes.

Long ago Zheng Wugong wants to cut down Hu, therefore first by his female wife Mr. Hu by amusement its Italy, because asks in the whole body of ministers: "I want to resort to arms, who can cutting down?" Doctor Guan Qi thinks to said that, "Hu Ke cuts down." Wu Gong gets angry but unites it, said: "Hu, country of the brothers also, the sub- word cuts down it, what?" Mr. Hu hears it, take Zheng asqin oneself, then unprepared Zheng. Zheng Humanxi Hu, takes it. Song has the rich person, the day rain wall is bad. Its sub- said that, "Does not build, will certainly to have the robber." Father of it is said its neighbor. The evening but the fruit perishes greatly its wealth, its really wisdom its sub-, but doubts father of the neighbor. This two human of 说者 all work as, thick for unites, thin sees doubts; Then the non- knowledge is difficult also, place knows then is difficult. Therefore circles faces it word works as, it for sage in Jin, but for unites in Qin. This cannot not observe.

The long ago makes up the sub- flaw to have favors Yu Weijun. Law of the health country: Steals harnesses Mr. che Zhezui 刖. Makes up the sub- flaw mother to get sick, world considers toward the night makes up sub-, makes up sub- rectifies harnesses Mr. the vehicle by to leave. Mr. Wen Erxian it, said that, "Filial piety! For the mother therefore, forgets it to commit 刖 the crime." Some day and Mr. swims in the orchard, eats the peach but Gansu, endless, partly feeds Mr. by it. Mr. said that, "Loves me! Forgets its taste by to feed me." And makes up the sub- when one's beauty fades one's desirability wanes, offends Mr. Yu, Mr. said: "Is tastes firmly rectifies harnesses my vehicle, also tastes feeds me by -odd peach." Therefore makes up the sub- line not to change Yu Chuye, after but before the reason that sees but being punished for an offense virtuously, the love and hate changes. Therefore has the love in the host, then wisdom when but adds kisses; Has the hatred in the host, then the wisdom is improper, sees the crime but to add sparsely. Therefore admonishes after said gentleman of the discussion cannot not observe host of the love and hate but to say. The husband dragon for the insect also, supple may be insultingly intimate but rides. However under his/her throat has invites the wrath of the emperor the caliber rule, if the human has the infant, then must kill people. The human advocates also has invites the wrath of the emperor, 说者 can not have the infant person to advocate inviting the wrath of the emperor, then several.

韩非子在 说难中是怎么阐述游说的艰难的?

战国时期，游说之风盛行，韩非也曾数次进说韩王而没有成功，此文便是他根据战国时，谋臣策士的游说教训和自己的切身体会，所写成的一份关于游说君主的经验总结。也有人研究说，这篇文章是韩非在研究《鬼谷子》一书的基础上，结合自己和他人的经验教训而写成的。

在这篇文章中，韩非从正反两个方面论述了游说的艰难。文章首先指出：游说的困难，不在其他，而在于迎合君主的心理所需，即“知所说之心，可以吾说当之。”也就是说，如果说辞一旦不合君主的胃口，那么游说者不但会被君主“弃远”，而且还将会有生命危险。由此，韩非分析招致“身危”的、也就是游说者应该避免在游说中使用各种不利的说辞。真是详尽细致和曲折周到之极，这是韩非从反面对游说的失败原因所作出的总结。其次，韩非从正面阐述了游说的各种具体方法。其中关键的一点，就是在于说者“知饰所说之所矝而灭其所耻”，而这里的“知”也正是韩非从正面论述游说的艰难。与此同时，韩非提出：等到“周泽既渥，深计而不疑，引争而不罪”的时候，就可以“极骋智辨”，“明割利害以致其功，直指是非以饰其身”，并取得游说的成功。当然这里面的对“周泽既渥，深计而不疑，引争而不罪”的把控，也正是游说中的第三个艰难。

正因为如此，韩非所以才在文章中反复强调：为了达到进说的成功，“谏说谈论之士”就必须在获得君主信任之前，尽可卑躬屈节，尽可使用种种诡诈的手段来迎合君主的心理所需。

令人遗憾的是：虽然韩非深知进说的艰难，并且对进说的决窍很有研究，然而自己却依然没能逃脱进说的祸害，而被秦王所杀害。